Phenomenology as a way of understanding in nursing
Alan John Walters
Department of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Western Sydney, Nepean NSW
PP: 134 - 141
Abstract
This paper discriminates between Husserlian and Heideggerian phenomenology. It also discusses some of the implications of each of these phenomenological approaches for nursing research.
Phenomenological research techniques offer nurses a valuable way to understand the lifeworld of nursing. While there has been a lot written by nurses about phenomenology as a nursing research technique, the essential differences between these two phenomenological schools have not adequately been documented.
This paper suggests that each of these approaches offers nurse researchers significantly different perspectives about the human condition.
Keywords
hermeneutics, phenomenology, nursing, research, methodology
References
Aamodt AM (1983) Problems in doing nursing research: Developing a criteria for evaluating qualitative research. Western Journal of Nursing Research 5: 398-402.
Allen D, Benner P and Diekelmann N (1986) Three paradigms for nursing research: methodological implications. In Chinn PL (ed) Nursing research methodology: Issues and implementation. Aspen, Rockville, p.28.
Benner P (1984) From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park.
Benner P and Wrubel J (1989) The primacy of caring: Stress and coping in health and illness. Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park.
Benner P, Tanner C and Chesla C (1992) From beginner to expert: Gaining a differentiated clinical world in critical care nursing. Advances in Nursing Science 14(3): 13-28.
Colaizzi P (1978) Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In Valle R and King M (eds) Existential phenomenological alternative for psychology. Oxford University, New York.
Cooper MC (1993) The intersection of technology and care in the ICU. Advances in Nursing Science 15(3): 23-32.
Davis A (1973) The phenomenological approach in nursing research. In Garrison E (ed) Doctoral preparation for nurses. University of California, San Francisco.
Diekelmann N (1992) Learning-as-testing: A Heideggerian hermeneutic analysis of the lived experiences of students and teachers in nursing. Advances in Nursing Science 14(3): 72-83.
Dreyfus HL (1988) Husserl, Heidegger and modern existentialism. In Magee B (ed) The great philosophers: An introduction to western philosophy. Oxford University, Oxford, pp.255, 257, 277.
Dreyfus HL (1991) Being-in-the-world: A commentary on Heidegger's being and time, division 1. The MIT Press, Cambridge, pp.34, 36.
Fryback P B (1993) Health for people with a terminal diagnosis. Nursing Science Quarterly 6(3): 147-159.
Gadamer H-G (1975) Truth and method. Sheed & Ward, London.
Gadamer H-G (1976) Philosophical hermeneutics. University of California Press, Berkeley, p.130.
Gelven M (1989) A commentary on Heidegger's being and time. Northern Illinios University Press, Dekalb, pp.38, 42.
Giorgi A, Fischer CL and Murray EL (1975) Duquesne studies in phenomenological psychology. Duquesne University Press, Pittsburgh.
Heidegger M (1962) Being and time. Harper & Row, New York, p.194.
Magee B (1988) The great philosophers: An introduction to western philosophy. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p.258.
Mehta JL (1976) Martin Heidegger: The way and the vision. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
Meleis AI (1986) Theory development and domains concepts. In Moccia P (ed) New approaches to theory development. National League for Nursing, New York, p.12.
Oiler C (1986) Phenomenology: The method. In Munhall P and Oiler C (eds) Nursing research: A qualitative perspective. Appleton Century Crofts, Norwalk.
Ornery A (1983) Phenomenology: A method for nursing research. Advances in Nursing Science 5(2): 49-63.
Palmer R (1969) Hermeneutics: Interpretation theory, in Scheiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger and Gadamer. Northwestern University Press, Evanston, pp.203-205.
Parse RR, Coyne AB and Smith MJ (1985) Nursing research: Qualitative methods. Brady, Bowie.
Paterson J (1971) From a philosophy of clinical nursing to a method of nursology. Nursing Research 20: 143-146.
Paterson J and Zderad L (1976) Humanistic nursing. Wiley, New York.
Rather ML (1992) Nursing as a way of thinking: Heideggerian hermeneutic analysis of the lived experience of the returning RN. Research in Nursing and Health 15: 47-55.
Ray MA (1987) Technological caring: a new model in critical care. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 6(3): 166-173.
Rieman DJ (1983) 'The essential structure of a caring interaction: a phenomenological study'. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Texas Women's University, p.29.
Rieman D J (1986) The essential structure of a caring interaction: Doing phenomenology. In Munhall P and Oiler C (eds) Nursing research: A qualitative perspective. Appleton Century Crofts, Norwalk.
Stewart D and Mickunas A (1990) Exploring phenomenology: A guide to the field and its literature. Ohio University Press, Athens.
Tanner A, Benner P, Chesla C and Gordon DR (1993) The phenomenology of knowing the patient. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship 25(4): 273-280.
Taylor B (1992) 'The phenomena of ordinariness in nursing'. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Deakin University, Geelong, p.78.
Thompson JL (1990) Hermeneutic Inquiry. In Moody LE (ed) Advancing nursing science through research, Vol 2. Sage, Newbury Park, pp.224, 232, 233, 239, 240, 245, 247.
van Kaam AL (1959) Phenomenological analysis: Exemplified by a study of the experience of being really understood. Individual Psychology 15: 66-72.
van Manen M (1984) Practising phenomenological writing. Phenomenology and Pedagogy 2(1): 36-69.

eContent Home



