Nurses on the move: Diversity and the work environment
Mireille Kingma
Nursing and Health Policy, International Council of Nurses, Geneva, Switzerland
PP: 198 - 206
Abstract
Over 191 million people make up the international migrant population of today. Their numbers have doubled since 1970, with women now accounting for almost half. The migrant population has been transformed and is changing the very nature of society in both source and destination countries.
Greater differences in culture, language, work relationships, and coping mechanisms – in short, greater diversity in society and the workplace – offer many opportunities for excellence in transcultural nursing but also provides fertile ground for discrimination, victimisation, harassment and isolation.
This article explores and describes current nurse migration flows, the impact migration has on nurses and the value of positive practice environment for the full integration of international nurses.
Keywords
nurse, nursing, migration, equal opportunity, work environment, discrimination, recruitment, ethics
References
Adams E and Kennedy A (2006) Positive Practice Environments: Key Considerations for the Development of a Framework to Support the Integration of International Nurses, International Council of Nurses, Geneva.
Aiken L, Clarke S, Sloane D, Sochalski J and Silber J (2002) Hospital Nurse Staffing and Patient Mortality, Nurse Burnout, and Job Dissatisfaction, Journal of the American Medical Association 288: 1987-1993.
Allan H and Larsen J (2003) We Need Respect: Experiences of Internationally Recruited Nurses in the UK, Royal College of Nursing, London.
An Bord Altranis (2005) Registration Information 2005. Accessed at http://www.nursingboard.ie on July 10 2006.
Artigot F (2003) Les hôpitaux canadiens battent le rappel des infirmières québécoises exilées in Suisse, Le Temps October 17.
Australian Nursing Council (2003) Letter to the Joint Standing Committee on Migration Department of House of Representatives. Accessed 18 October 2007 at www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/mig/skillmig/subs/sub15a.pdf.
Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council (2007) Position Statement Orientation of Internationally Qualified and Registered Nurses and Midwives to the Australian Healthcare Context. Accessed 18 October 2007 at www.anmc.org.au/position_statement_guidelines/index.php
Ball J and Pike G (2004) Stepping Stones: Careers of Nurses in 2003, Royal College of Nursing, London.
Buchan J and Sochalski J (2004) 'Nurse Migration: Trends and the Policy Context', Unpublished.
Dugger C (2006) US Plan to Lure Nurses May Hurt Poor Nations, New York Times May 24.
Hawthorne L (2001) The globalisation of the nursing workforce: barriers confronting overseas qualified nurses in Australia, Nursing Inquiry 8: 213-229.
ICN (2002) Career Moves and Migration: Critical Questions, International Council of Nurses, Geneva.
ICN (2006) The Global Nursing Shortage: Priority Areas for Intervention, International Council of Nurses, Geneva.
ICN (2007a) Position Statement: Ethical Nurse Recruitment, International Council of Nurses, Geneva.
ICN (2007b) Positive Practice Environments, International Council of Nurses, Geneva.
ICN (2007c) ICN Calls for Positive Practice Environments to Ensure Quality Patient Care, International Council of Nurses, Geneva.
IOM (2003) World Migration 2003 - Managing Migration - Challenges and Responses for People on the Move, International Organization for Migration, Geneva.
IOM (2005) World Migration 2005: Costs and Benefits of International Migration, International Organization for Migration, Geneva.
Kingma M (2006) Nurses on the Move: Migration and the Global Health Care Economy, Cornell University Press, Ithaca US.
Kingma M (2007) Nurses on the Move: A Global Overview, Health Services Research 42: 1281-1298.
Kristensen TS (1999). Challenges for research and prevention in relation to work and cardiovascular disease. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 25: 550–557.
Martineau T, Decker K and Bundred P (2002) Briefing note on international migration of health professionals: Leveling the playing field for developing country health systems, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool.
NMC (2005) Statistical Analysis of the Register: 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2005. Report August 2005. London: Nursing and Midwifery Council. Accessed at http://www.nmc-uk.org/aFrameDisplay.aspx?DocumentID=856 on 10 July 2006.
Omeri A (2006) Workplace practices with mental health implications impacts on recruitment and retention of overseas nurses in the context of nursing shortages. Contemporary Nurse 21: 50-61.
Omeri A and Atkins K (2002) Lived Experiences of Immigrant Nurses in New South Wales, Australia: Searching for Meaning. International Journal of Nursing Studies 39: 495-505.
Opiniano J (2002) Over 100 Pinoy Nurses Exploited in UK Private Nursing Homes. Accessed at http://cyberdyaryo.com/features/f2002_0325_04.htm on 5 January 2004.
Parrish C and Pickersgill F (2005) Home office considers special visa to support overseas nurses, Nursing Standard 19: 12.
Payne L (2003) Differing Viewpoints on the Issue of Overseas Nurses, Nursing Times 99: 15.
Timur S (2000) Changing Trends and major issues in international migration: An overview of the UNESCO programmes. International Migration 165: 255-269.
UN (2006) International migration facts and figures. Accessed at http://www.un.org/esa/population/hldmigration/Text/Migration_factsheet.pdf on 18 July 2006.
WHO (2006) The World Health Report 2006 – Working together for health, World Health Organization, Geneva.

eContent Home




