Nurses and independent fee-for-service practice: A critical view
Eileen Willis
Department of Palliative and Supportive Services, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide SA
PP: 135 - 142
Abstract
A contemporary development in nursing in Australia is the move to independent private practice. This move is made in support of autonomy for the individual nurse practitioner and in the interests of improved patient care.
This paper examines this development using the literature as data and critical theory as the framework of analysis. Critical theory argues that much human knowledge is bound by 'ideological' interests in either the technical or interpretative. Emancipatory knowledge attempts to peel off the various ideological layers in search of truth. Using work to examine the 'technical interest' and professionalism to examine the 'interpretative interest', it is argued that in the contemporary Australian health care system the nurse's claim to autonomy through independent practice calls for continuing debate and reflection.
References
Aiken L (ed) (1982) Nursing in the 80s: Opportunities and challenges. American Academy of Nursing. JB Lippincott, Philadelphia.
Allen N (1987) What is independent nursing practice? New Zealand Nursing Journal 2.
Bezjak J (1987) Physician perceived incentives for association with nurse practitioners. Nurse Practitioner 12(3): 66-77.
Bruni N (1989) 'Holism: A radical nursing perspective?' Paper presented at the National Nursing Theory Conference SACAE.
Carr W and Kemmis S (1983) Becoming critical: Knowing through action research. Deakin University Press, Victoria.
Clark M (1986) Action and reflection: Practice and theory. Journal of Advanced Nursing 11(1): 3-11.
Colavecchio R (1982) Direct patient care: A viable career choice? The Journal of Nursing Administration 12: 17-12.
Crotty M (1987) 'Gender transmission in religious education curricular'. Unpublished MEd, Adelaide University.
Dickinson J (1992) Measuring the cost of nurse practitioners. Australian Journal of Public Health 16(3): 214-215.
Diers D (1982) The future of nurse mid wives in American health care. In Aiken L (ed) Nursing in the 1980s: Crisis, opportunities and challenges. American Academy of Nursing, JB Lippincott, Philadelphia.
Durham J and Hardie S (1983) Promoting private practice in a competitive market. Nursing Economics 1: 24-28.
Emden C (1991) Ways of knowing in nursing. In Gray G and Pratt R (eds) Towards a discipline of nursing. Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne.
Emden C and Nugent J (1991) An adventure into independent practice. In Gray G and Pratt R (eds) Issues in Australian Nursing 3. Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne.
Felton G, Kelly H, Renehan K and Alley J (1985) Nursing entrepreneurs: A success story. Nursing Outlook 33(6): 276-280.
Ford L (1982) Nurse practitioners: History of a new idea and predictions for the future. In Aiken L (ed) Nursing in the 1980s: Opportunities and challenges. American Academy of nursing, JB Lippincott, Philadelphia.
Grundy S (1987) Curriculum: Product or praxis. The Falmer Press Deakin Studies in Education Series, Victoria.
Habermas J (1968) Knowledge and human interests. Beacon Press, Boston.
Haggerty V (1983) Doctrine of delegated medical acts. Nurse Practitioner April: 9-12.
Harkless G (1989) Prescriptive authority: Debunking common assumptions. Nurse Practitioner August: 57-60.
Keane B (1987) Nurse consultancy: The mega trendy option. 9th National Conference of the Royal College of Nursing, Hobart.
Keane B (1989) Independent nurse consultant: The lateral leap. In Gray G and Pratt R (eds) Issues in Australian Nursing 2. Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne.
Lemin B (1982) The extended role of the nurse. In Jenkins E, King B and Gray G (eds) Issues in Australasian Nursing. Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne.
Lewis C (1982) Nurse practitioners and the physician surplus. In Aiken L (ed) Nursing in the 1980s. American Academy of Nursing, JB Lippincott, Philadelphia.
Lumley J (Chairperson) (1990) Having a baby in Victoria: Final report of the ministerial review of birthing services in Victoria. Health Department of Victoria, Victoria.
Marx K (1964) Economic and philosophical manuscript of 1844. International Publishers, New York.
McCoppin B (1989) The use and abuse of industrial power: The profession's dilemma. In Gray G and Pratt R (eds) Issues in Australian Nursing 2. Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne.
McNerney W (1988) Nursing's vision in a competitive environment. Nursing Outlook 36: 126-129.
McVeigh C (1989) Bringing pressure to bear: The significance of a pressure group activities to independent practice. 6th Biennial Conference of the Australian College of Midwives, Darwin.
Meppem J (1992) Nurse practitioners in New South Wales: Discussion paper. New South Wales Health Department, Nursing Branch.
Miller A (1985) The relationship between nursing theory and nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing 10(5): 417-424.
Mulgrew B and Costello C (1983) Medical board gets consent decree from nurses and HMO. The Ohio State Medical Journal February: 124-129.
National women's health policy. Advancing women's health in Australia (1989) Australian Government Printer, Canberra.
Norris D (1988) Nurses in business create new options. American Nurse Supplement 13.
Ovretveit J (1985) Medical dominance and the development of professional autonomy in physiotherapy. Sociology of Health and Illness 7(1): 79-93.
Poe D, Nurse practitioners and the law. Frontier, Nursing Service (date unknown): 18-22.
Richards G (1984) Non physician practitioners make slow headway on staff privileges. Hospital December: 82-86.
Rolstad B (1987) Taking a ride on the Reading Railroad: Achieving autonomy through independent nursing practice. Journal of Enterostomal Therapy 14: 57-61.
Salkever D, Skinner E, Steinwachs D and Katz H (1983) Episode based efficiency comparisons for physicians and nurse practitioners. Medical Care February xx(2): 143-153.
Shoebridge J (1989) Co-operation, collaboration or confrontation: The insubordination of nursing. In Gray G and Pratt P (eds) Issues in Australian Nursing 2. Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne.
Short S (1989) 'Feminist reconstructions of health care and their relevance for nursing in Australia'. Paper prepared for presentation to Australian Women's Studies Association conference. SACAE Adelaide.
Short S and Sharman E (1989) Dissecting the current nursing struggle in Australia. In Lupton G and Najman J (eds) Sociology of health and illness. MacMillian, Melbourne.
Speedy S (1991) The contributions of feminist research. In Gray G and Pratt R (eds) Towards a discipline of nursing. Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne.
Stanford D (1987) Nurse practitioner research. Issues in Practice and Theory December: 64-71.
Tennant F, Sorenson K, Simmons C and Day C (1980) A study of the economic viability of low cost, fee-for-service clinics staffed by nurse practitioners. Public Health Reports 95(4): 321-323.
Thompson J (1989) Marketing midwifery. 6th Biennial Conference of the Australian College of Midwives, Darwin.
Thompson R, Bawden P and Howell L (1982) Evaluation of initial implementation of an organised adult health program employing family nurse practitioners. Medical Care September xx(ll): 1109-1127.
Towler J and Bramall J (1986) Midwives in history and society. Croom Helm, London.
Turnbull G (1987) A dollar and sense look at ET nursing. Journal of Enterostomal Therapy 14: 62-65.
Turner B (1987) Medical power and social knowledge. Sage, London.
Weiner J, Steinwachs D, Williamson J (1986) Nurse practitioner and physician assistant practices in three HMO's: Implications for future US health manpower needs. American Journal of Public Health 76 (5): 507-511.
White Gibson K, Smith Catterson J, Skalka P.
(1982) On our own. R.N. September: 77-86.
Wilkes L (1991) Phenomenology: a window to the nursing world. In Gray G, Pratt R (eds) Towards a discipline of nursing, Churchill Livingstone, Melbourne.
Willis E (1990) Hierarchies, bureaucracies and professions: the Medicare Review Part Two. Community Health Studies xvi(2): 97-10.

eContent Home




